Why do we need iodine?

Iodine is a mineral essential for human development and growth. Our bodies need iodine to produce the hormones that regulate the thyroid gland. Without adequate amounts, the thyroid cannot regulate the body’s metabolism, growth and development.

People of all ages are susceptible to iodine deficiency and the disabilities it causes. Previously, the most commonly known sign of iodine deficiency was goiter, the swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck.

What happens if we don’t get enough iodine?

Iodine deficiency affects primarily the developing brain. It is the most common preventable cause for mental retardation in the world. Worldwide, more than 20 million people suffer from varying degrees of mental impairment caused by a lack of iodine. About six million have cretinism, the most serious form of mental retardation and associated physical disabilities, caused by iodine deficiency.

Pregnant women who do not consume enough iodine are more likely to have pregnancy complications including miscarriages or stillbirths. Babies born to iodine deficient mothers also have lower birth weights and are more vulnerable to disease. These children may suffer permanent mental and physical retardation before birth, or develop learning disabilities as they grow older.

Children with iodine deficiency are more likely to have learning disabilities. They perform poorly in school, do not learn as quickly as healthy children and score, on average, 10 to 15% lower in IQ (intelligence quotient) tests. Also, these children are less coordinated physically than healthy children.

Adults lacking iodine tend to be tired and weak. This affects their ability to work, sometimes making them unable to support their families.

What are best sources of iodine?

Although in some geographic areas, the food supply can deliver adequate iodine, global policy is to iodize all salt intended for human and animal consumption.
Using iodized salt is the most effective way to prevent iodine deficiency.

Iodized salt is safe for people of all ages, including pregnant women, very young children, and those who are ill.
Iodized salt should be used when cooking for the entire family, to protect every family member.

Iodized salt can prevent iodine deficiencies, but it is not a medicine. It cannot cure mental retardation or cretinism and therefore eating large amounts of iodized salt will not increase intelligence or encourage growth. Iodized salt should be consumed in the same way as non-iodized salt - it should be consumed in normal amounts.